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The original texts of the New Testament, which appeared at different times from the middle to the end of the first century AD. e., were written on the Greek Koine, which was considered at that time the common language of the eastern Mediterranean. The canon of the New Testament gradually formed during the first centuries of Christianity consists of 27 books - the four Gospels describing the life and sermons of Jesus Christ, the book of the Acts of the Apostles, which is a continuation of the Gospel of Luke, twenty-one epistles of the apostles, and the book of the Revelation of John the Theologian (Apocalypse ).
The concept of the "New Testament" (Latin Novum Testamentum) in the present sense is found in the apostle Paul in the first and second letters to the Corinthians (1 Corinthians 11:25, 2 Corinthians 3: 6). This same concept was also used by the Christ himself in the synoptic Gospels (Matthew 26:28, Mark 14:24, Luke 22:20).
In Christian theology, the concept of the "New Testament" was introduced at the end of the second century - at the beginning of the third century in the writings of Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian and Origen. Although the very concept of the New Testament (Hebrew בְּרִית חֲדָשָׁה) is first used in the book of the prophet Jeremiah: "Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah" (Jeremiah 31:31 ).
In pre-Christian times, the same concept of the New Testament, or the New Union (in the sense of union with God) applied to itself members of the Jewish community of Qumran.
The earliest of the texts of the New Testament are the Epistles of the Apostle Paul, and the most recent are the works of John the Theologian. Irenaeus of Lyons believed that the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Mark were written at a time when the apostles Peter and Paul preached in Rome (60s AD), and the Gospel of Luke a little later. In addition, according to Jerome: "Matthew ... the first in Judea for those who believed from circumcision, compiled the Gospel of Christ, in Hebrew letters and words, who then translated it into Greek is not well known." (De vuris inlustribus III)
