Fatwa (Arabic - explanation, explanation, judgment, decision) is a decision, ruling or explanation issued by a mufti or a council of scholars in Islam on religious, legal, political and social issues. In the early period of Islam, the comments made by Muhammad's companions, especially the first four caliphs, on various legal issues, as well as their jurisprudential decisions, were called Fatwas. Fatwa was considered by the founders of all religious legal schools as an additional source of jurisprudence. Fatwa issued on legal issues is mandatory for religious communities, institutions and Muslims. Fatwas are issued based on the Qur'an, hadiths and Sharia or previously issued Fatwas.
Fatwa is an Arabic word that means to answer a question. This word also appears in the Holy Qur'an: when people came to Yusuf, peace be upon him, asking questions about everyday economic and household concerns, he answered these questions. Later, this word became a religio-scientific term and is used in relation to questions and answers related to religion. Therefore, answering the questions asked today from a religious point of view is a fatwa. Scholars have divided the religious fatwa into several types. The first is the questions asked to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the answers given to them. These questions and answers were for the implementation of our Sharia. When the Companions asked questions about ablution, trade, etc. Those who received verses from him or the inspiration given to them - responded through hadiths, and this is part of our Shari'ah. This is called Fatwai tashri'i, i.e. fatwas that introduce Sharia law. This is considered to be unique only to the times of our Prophet, peace be upon him.
