Quran in Russian
The Koran (Arabic ألقرآن - al-Ḳur'an) is a sacred book of Muslims. The word "Qur'an" comes from the Arabic "reading aloud", "edification" (Koran, 75: 16-18). The Quran according to Islam is a collection of revelations pronounced in the name of God by the Prophet Muhammad. The modern version of the Quran is considered a compilation of the records compiled and summarized by a special panel headed by Zeid ibn Sabit, at the command of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and Umar ibn al-Khattab, approved as the only canonical version under the third Caliph Uthman. In the Muslim tradition, it is believed that the canonical version was approved in accordance with the general opinion of the surviving companions of the prophet at the time that this is what the Qur'an was read by Mohammed himself. At the same time, for today seven variants of reading are known - tajvid - Koran, ascending to various schools of the initial period of Muslim history.
The Qur'an was recorded from the words of Muhammad by his companions. According to the Muslim tradition, the transmission of the Qur'an was accomplished through the angel of Jabrail and lasted no less than 23 (more precisely 22, from 610 to 632), and the first revelation Muhammad received at the age of forty, on the Night of Power (the month of Ramadan).
The Koran is devoted to many studies of both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars. In the Muslim world, Jalal ad-Din al-Suyuta (1455-1505) is recognized as one of the recognized generalizing works "Perfection in the Quranic Sciences".
The Koran, according to Islamic dogma, is:
the divine guidance for humanity, the last Holy Scripture sent down by Allah;
the eternal and uncreated Word of God, the testimony of prophecy and the last heavenly revelation that confirmed the truth of all the previous scriptures, abolished the laws they proclaimed, and affirmed the last and most perfect celestial legislation (however, in Islamic history, serious theological discussions on the issues of creation / non- The Quran);
a miracle, one of the proofs of Muhammad's prophetic mission, the culmination of a series of divine messages. Divine messages began with Adam, including the Scrolls of Abraham, Taurat (Torah), Zabur (Psalms) and Injil (Gospel).
In Islamic countries, the Koran serves as a basis for legislation, both religious and civil and criminal.
There are several opinions about the origin of the name. According to the generally accepted version, it is derived from the verbal verb qara'a (قرأ), "kara'a" ("read, read"). Perhaps the origin of the "keryan" ("reading the sacred text," "edification").
In the Koran itself various names of the last revelation are used, of which the most common are:
Furqan (the distinction between good and evil, truth and falsehood, permissible and forbidden) (Quran, 25: 1)
Kitab (The Book) (Quran, 18: 1)
Dhikr (Reminder) (Quran, 15: 1)
Tanzily (Nisposlanie) (Quran, 26: 192)
The word "mushaf" refers to individual copies of the Koran.
The Koran contains the basic principles and ideas of the dogma, which, according to Muslim tradition, were passed on to the Prophet Muhammad by Allah himself, through the angel of Jabrail. This book contains many intersections with Judaism and Christianity. Islamic theologians explain this by the fact that earlier Allah had already delivered his covenants to Musa and Isa, but over time these covenants became obsolete or distorted and only Muhammad brought to the believers true faith
The Koran includes 114 chapters. The first suras of the Qur'an are whole treatises, and the latter occupy only a few lines. The content of suras is extremely diverse - here there are also the exposition of the foundations of Muslim law and a description of the real historical events of the period of confrontation between Mecca and Medina.
